diff --git a/content/408/《计网》大题.md b/content/408/《计网》大题.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..89c5234 --- /dev/null +++ b/content/408/《计网》大题.md @@ -0,0 +1,351 @@ +--- +title: "《计网》大题" +date: 2023-07-28T14:35:45+08:00 + +--- + +## 各报文常考内容 + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/各报文常考内容.jpg) + +## 大题 + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题1.jpg) + +(1) + +已正确接收3帧,即$S_0,0,S_1,0,S_2,0,R_3,3$说明乙发送的数据帧确认是3,即希望甲发送序号3的数据帧,说明已经接收序号为0-2的数据帧 + +(2) + +GBN发送窗口大小 = $2^3-1 = 7$ + +此时已发送$S_3,0,S_4,1$ + +最多还可发送7-2 = 5个 + +第一个帧为$S_5,2$,最后一帧为$S_1,2$ + +(3) + +重发3个,重发第一个帧$S_2,3$ + +GABN中,发送方发送N帧后检测出错 + +则需要发送出错帧及其之后的帧 + +$S_2,0$超时重发的第一帧为$S_2$,已收到乙的$R_2$帧,所以确认号为3 + +(4) + +发送1帧的时间$T = \frac{1000B}{100Mb/s} = 80us$ + +u = $\frac{发送数据的时间}{从开始发送第一帧到收到第一个确认帧的时间}$ = $\frac{N \times T}{T+RTT+T_a}$(捎带确认$T_d = T_a$) + += $\frac{7\times 80us}{80us + 0.96ms+80us} = \frac{560}{160+960} = 50%$ + +--- + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题2.jpg) + +(1) + +最短时间 = $\frac{2km}{2\times10^5km/s} = 1\times10^{-5}s = 10us$ 甲-><-乙 + +最长时间 = $2\times \frac{2km}{2\times10^5km/s} = 2\times10^{-5}s = 20us$ + +(2) + +甲发送时延$t_1 = \frac{1518B}{10Mb/s} = 1.2144ms$ + +确认帧发送时延$t_2 = \frac{64B}{10mb/s} = 0.0512ms$ + +甲的发送周期$T = t_1+t_2+双程传播时延 = t_1+t_2+2t_0 = 1.2144+0.0512+0.02 = 1.2856ms$ + +有效数据传输率 = $\frac{1500B}{T} = \frac{1500 \times 8b}{1.2856ms} = 9.33mb/s$(以太网帧率数据部分为1500B) + +--- + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题3.jpg) + +(1) + +$2^1 = 2$ =>子网号占1位 + +$2^7 = 128$ =>主机号占7位 + +子网1::202.118.1.0125,子网1分配给局域网1 + +子网2::202.118.1.128125,子网2分配给局域网2 + + +(2) + +|目的网络IP地址|子网掩码|下一跳IP地址|接口| +|---|---|---|---| +|202.118.1.0|255.255.255.128|-|E1| +|202.118.1.128|255.255.255.128|-|E2| +|202.118.3.2|255.255.255.255|202.118.2.2|L0| +|0.0.0.0|0.0.0.0|202.118.2.2|L0| + +(3) + +局域网1和局域网2聚合后为202.118.1.0124 + +|目的网络IP地址|子网掩码|下一跳IP地址|接口| +|---|---|---|---| +|202.118.1.0|255.255.255.0|202.118.2.1|L0| + +--- + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题4.jpg) + +(1) + +主机2-N的最大范围:111.123.15.5~111.123.15.254 + +源印地址0.0.0.0,目的IP地址255.255.255.255 + +(2) + +第一个以太网帧目的地址:ff-ff-ff-ff-ff-ff + +发往INTERNET的IP分组目的MAC地址:00-a1-a1-a1-a1-a1 + + +(3) + +能访问WWW,因为子网掩码配置正确,可以访问在同一个子网内的WWW服务器 + +不能访问INTERNET,因为默认网关设置错误,正确是111.123.15-1 + +主机1访问INTERNET时,主机1发出的IP分组会被路由到错误的默认网关从而无法到达目的主机 + +--- + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题5.jpg) + +(1) + +需要配置NAT表 + +|外网|内网| +|---|---| + +|IP地址|端口号|IP地址|端口号| +|---|---|---|---| +|203.10.2.2|80|192.168.1.1|80| + +(2) + +H2发P的源IP地址192.168.1.2,目的IP地址203.10.2.2 + +R3转发P的源IP地址203.10.2.6,目的IP地址203.10.2.2 + +R2转发P的源IP地址203.10.2.6,目的IP地址192.168.1.2 + +--- + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题6.jpg) + +(1) + +|目的网络|下一跳|接口| +|---|---|---| +|153.14.5.01/24|153.14.3.2|S0| +|194.17.20.01/23|194.17.24.2|S1| +|194.17.29.128/25|-|E0| + + +(2) + +194.17.20.11001000,根据最长匹配原则,R2通过E0接口转发该IP分组 + +(3) + +R1,R2属于不同的自治系统,使用边界网关协议(BGP或BGP4)交换路由信息,被封装到TCP段中进行传输 + +--- + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题7.jpg) + +(1) + +|目的网路|下一跳|接口| +|---|---|---| +|192.1.1.01/24|-|E0| +|192.1.6.0/23|10.1.1.2|l0| +|192.1.5.0/24|10.1.1.10|l1| + +(2) + +通过L0转发,IP分组经过R1R2R43个路由器 + +TTL = 64-3 = 61=>每个路由器消耗1个TTL + +(3) + +R1的LSI需增加一条特殊的直连网络 + +网络前缀为0.0.0.0/0 + +metric为10 + +--- + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题8.jpg) + +(1) + +设备1为路由器,设备2,,为以太网交换机 + +(2) + +设备1需配置IP地址 + +IF1为192.168.1.1111 1110 = 192.168.1.254 + +IF2为192.168.1.1,IF3为192.168.1.65 + +(3) + +C类私有地址段:192.168.0.0~192.168.255.255=>H1~H4为私有地址 + +R需提供NAT服务(网络地址转换服务) + +(4) + +192.168.1.127是广播地址,路由器可以隔绝广播域=>只有H4才能收到数据报 + +--- + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题9.jpg) + +(1) + +源IP地址192.168.0.8 = coa80008H + +图中IP分组第13-16字节为源IP地址 + +1,3,4 源IP地址为coa80008H + +=> 1,3,4是由H发送的 + +1号中SYN = 1,ACK =1,seq = 846b41c5H + +2号中SYN = 1,ACK =1 ,seq = e0599fefH + +3号中ACK =1,seq = 846b41cb,ack = e0599ff0 + +=>1,2,3号分组完成了TCP建立过程 + +以太网最小长度为46B + +3,5号总长度为40B<46B + +因此3,5号分组需要填充 + +(2) + +初始序号为 seq = 846b 41c6H + +ack 长为 seq = 846b41d6H + +所以字节数 = 846b41d6H-846b441CH = 10H = 16B + +(3) + +分组标识6811H + +对应表中5号分组 + +STTL = 40H = 64 + +5号TTL = 31H = 49 + +所以经过了64-49 = 15个路由器 + +--- + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题10.jpg) + +(1) + +SYN = 1,ACK =1,确认序号 =101 + +(2) + +接收窗口为12KB,H3的拥塞窗口为9KB,发送窗口为9KB + +(3) + +下一个待发送序号 = 20K + 101 = $20 \times 1024 +101 = 20581$ + +平均传输速率 = $\frac{20KB}{5\times200ms} = 163.84kb/s$ + +(4) + +最短时间 = 1.5$\times 200ms = 300 ms$ + +--- + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题11.jpg) + +(1) + +web服务器IP地址 40.aa.62.20 + += 64.170.98.32 + +默认网关MAC地址 00-21-27-21-51-ee + +(2) + +ARP协议确定目的MAC地址 + +ARP在以太网上广播,目的MAC地址为FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF + + +(3) + +1+5 = 6个RTT + +(4) + +私有地址10.2.128.100转化为全球地址 101.12.123.15 + +源IP地址由0a-02-80-64变为65-0c-76-0f + +IP数据报每经过一个路由器,TTL长度减1,并重新计算首部验证和 + +若IP分组长度超过传输链路的MTU,则总长度字段标志字段,片偏移字段也会发生改变 + +--- + +![](../../images/《计网》大题/大题12.jpg) + +(1) + +DNS应用层协议 + +DNS报文->UDP数据报->IP数据报 ->CSMA/CD帧 + + + +(2) + +|MAC地址|端口| +|---|---| +|00-11-22-33-44-CC|4| +|00-11-22-33-44-bb|1| +|00-11-22-33-44-aa|2| + +(3) + +2个,都是封装APP查询报文的以太网帧 + +目的MAC地址都是FF-FF-FF-FF-FF-FF + + + +--- \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/static/images/《计网》大题/各报文常考内容.jpg b/static/images/《计网》大题/各报文常考内容.jpg new file mode 100644 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