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<h1 class="post-title p-name">Z-Buffer 深度缓存</h1>
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<h5 id="painters-algorithm-画家算法"><a href="#painters-algorithm-画家算法" class="anchor-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon anchor-icon"><path d="M326.612 185.391c59.747 59.809 58.927 155.698.36 214.59-.11.12-.24.25-.36.37l-67.2 67.2c-59.27 59.27-155.699 59.262-214.96 0-59.27-59.26-59.27-155.7 0-214.96l37.106-37.106c9.84-9.84 26.786-3.3 27.294 10.606.648 17.722 3.826 35.527 9.69 52.721 1.986 5.822.567 12.262-3.783 16.612l-13.087 13.087c-28.026 28.026-28.905 73.66-1.155 101.96 28.024 28.579 74.086 28.749 102.325.51l67.2-67.19c28.191-28.191 28.073-73.757 0-101.83-3.701-3.694-7.429-6.564-10.341-8.569a16.037 16.037 0 0 1-6.947-12.606c-.396-10.567 3.348-21.456 11.698-29.806l21.054-21.055c5.521-5.521 14.182-6.199 20.584-1.731a152.482 152.482 0 0 1 20.522 17.197zM467.547 44.449c-59.261-59.262-155.69-59.27-214.96 0l-67.2 67.2c-.12.12-.25.25-.36.37-58.566 58.892-59.387 154.781.36 214.59a152.454 152.454 0 0 0 20.521 17.196c6.402 4.468 15.064 3.789 20.584-1.731l21.054-21.055c8.35-8.35 12.094-19.239 11.698-29.806a16.037 16.037 0 0 0-6.947-12.606c-2.912-2.005-6.64-4.875-10.341-8.569-28.073-28.073-28.191-73.639 0-101.83l67.2-67.19c28.239-28.239 74.3-28.069 102.325.51 27.75 28.3 26.872 73.934-1.155 101.96l-13.087 13.087c-4.35 4.35-5.769 10.79-3.783 16.612 5.864 17.194 9.042 34.999 9.69 52.721.509 13.906 17.454 20.446 27.294 10.606l37.106-37.106c59.271-59.259 59.271-155.699.001-214.959z"/></svg></a>Painter's Algorithm 画家算法</h5>
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<p>起源于油画绘制方式，从后往前，依次覆盖后面的物体</p>
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<p>需要对不同深度的物体进行分类来确定面与面的绘制顺序，复杂度为$O(n\log n)$,其中n为三角形的个数，也存在一个无法解决的问题，不能处理无法确定绘制顺序的物体，例如下图互相遮挡的情况</p>
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<p><img src="../../images/unresolvable_depth_order.png" alt=""></p>
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<h6 id="z-buffer"><a href="#z-buffer" class="anchor-link"><svg xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" viewBox="0 0 512 512" class="icon anchor-icon"><path d="M326.612 185.391c59.747 59.809 58.927 155.698.36 214.59-.11.12-.24.25-.36.37l-67.2 67.2c-59.27 59.27-155.699 59.262-214.96 0-59.27-59.26-59.27-155.7 0-214.96l37.106-37.106c9.84-9.84 26.786-3.3 27.294 10.606.648 17.722 3.826 35.527 9.69 52.721 1.986 5.822.567 12.262-3.783 16.612l-13.087 13.087c-28.026 28.026-28.905 73.66-1.155 101.96 28.024 28.579 74.086 28.749 102.325.51l67.2-67.19c28.191-28.191 28.073-73.757 0-101.83-3.701-3.694-7.429-6.564-10.341-8.569a16.037 16.037 0 0 1-6.947-12.606c-.396-10.567 3.348-21.456 11.698-29.806l21.054-21.055c5.521-5.521 14.182-6.199 20.584-1.731a152.482 152.482 0 0 1 20.522 17.197zM467.547 44.449c-59.261-59.262-155.69-59.27-214.96 0l-67.2 67.2c-.12.12-.25.25-.36.37-58.566 58.892-59.387 154.781.36 214.59a152.454 152.454 0 0 0 20.521 17.196c6.402 4.468 15.064 3.789 20.584-1.731l21.054-21.055c8.35-8.35 12.094-19.239 11.698-29.806a16.037 16.037 0 0 0-6.947-12.606c-2.912-2.005-6.64-4.875-10.341-8.569-28.073-28.073-28.191-73.639 0-101.83l67.2-67.19c28.239-28.239 74.3-28.069 102.325.51 27.75 28.3 26.872 73.934-1.155 101.96l-13.087 13.087c-4.35 4.35-5.769 10.79-3.783 16.612 5.864 17.194 9.042 34.999 9.69 52.721.509 13.906 17.454 20.446 27.294 10.606l37.106-37.106c59.271-59.259 59.271-155.699.001-214.959z"/></svg></a>Z-Buffer</h6>
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<p>主要思想</p>
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<ol>
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<li>对于每一个采样点或像素存储一个最小的z值(深度值)</li>
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<li>存储方式与frame buffer存储颜色值的方式相同，在depth buffer里存储深度值</li>
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</ol>
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<p>出于简化考虑，我们通常认为z值始终是正数，这意味着越小的值代表采样点或像素距离相机越近，越大的值则代表距离越远</p>
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<p>Z-Buffer会在生成渲染图的同时根据各采样点（像素）的深度值生成深度图,颜色越深代表距离越近，越浅则越远</p>
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<p><img src="../../images/Depth_map.png" alt=""></p>
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<p>算法</p>
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<p>初始化depth buffer的所有值为$\infty$</p>
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<p>在光栅化的流程中增加如下伪代码流程</p>
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<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code><span class="lnt">1
|
||
</span><span class="lnt">2
|
||
</span><span class="lnt">3
|
||
</span><span class="lnt">4
|
||
</span><span class="lnt">5
|
||
</span><span class="lnt">6
|
||
</span><span class="lnt">7
|
||
</span></code></pre></td>
|
||
<td class="lntd">
|
||
<pre tabindex="0" class="chroma"><code class="language-s" data-lang="s"><span class="line"><span class="cl"><span class="nf">for </span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="n">triangle</span> <span class="bp">T</span><span class="p">)</span>
|
||
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nf">for</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">each</span> <span class="nf">sample</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">)</span><span class="n">in</span> <span class="bp">T</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span>循环每一个采样点，深度值在采样时确定
|
||
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="nf">if</span><span class="p">(</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="o"><</span><span class="n">zbuffer[x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y]</span><span class="p">)</span> <span class="o">//</span>判断深度值大小，确定远近
|
||
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">framebuffer[x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">rgb</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">//</span>更新颜色值
|
||
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">zbuffer[x</span><span class="p">,</span><span class="n">y]</span><span class="o">=</span><span class="n">z</span><span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">//</span>更新深度值
|
||
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="n">else</span>
|
||
</span></span><span class="line"><span class="cl"> <span class="p">;</span> <span class="o">//</span>什么都不做，因为采样流程已经完成
|
||
</span></span></code></pre></td></tr></table></div>
|
||
</div>
|
||
</div><p>整体算法流程会形成如下图效果，复杂度为O(n),n为三角形面的数量</p>
|
||
<p><img src="../../images/Z-Buffer_test.png" alt=""></p>
|
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|
||
</div>
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</article>
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<span title="Updated @ 2023-06-18 21:19:01 CST" style="cursor:help">
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